A response to recent letters on Climate Change
The science of climate change begins with John Tyndall in 1859. He measured large differences in the abilities of "perfectly colorless and invisible gases and vapors" to absorb radiant heat. So-called "greenhouse" gases, including CO2 and methane, transmit incoming solar radiation, but absorb long-wave infrared radiation reflected back from the surface of the earth.
Svante Arrhenius in 1895 presented a paper to the Stockholm Physical Society titled, "On the influence of Carbonic Acid [CO2] in the Air upon the Temperature of the Ground." His "hot-house theory" of the atmosphere showed that without CO2, the earth would be extremely cold, and with more CO2 it would be hotter. By 1904, he became concerned with increases in atmospheric CO2 caused by burning coal and oil and calculated expected changes in temperature.
What we now know is that atmospheric CO2 and global temperatures have been relatively stable for the past 10,000 years prior to the industrial revolution. However, since the start of the industrial revolution in 1760, atmospheric CO2 has increased by 50 percent, from 280 to 415 parts per million - higher than at any time in the past three million years. And the rate of increase in atmospheric CO2 is currently accelerating. Scripps Institute of Oceanography:
https://scripps.ucsd.edu/programs/keelingcurve/
In the late 1970s and 1980s Exxon and Shell Oil extensively researched the effects of CO2 from fossil fuels on the earth's climate. Shell, for example concluded "by the time the global warming becomes detectable it could be too late to take effective countermeasures to reduce the effects or even to stabilize the situation." When it became apparent that decreasing the release of CO2 would adversely affect profits, the companies started a concerted campaign to deny and cast doubt about the scientific findings, which continues to this day.
https://biotech.law.lsu.edu/blog/Shell_Climate_1988.pdf
To further understand the earth's climate, see the following links:
www.climate.gov/#understandingClimate
NOAA Antarctica 101: www.climate.gov/news-features/features/
antarctica-colder-arctic-it%E2%80%99s-still-losing-ice
Jim Urlick
Orinda
Periphery residents want to be seen
After a decade-long uptick in elementary school students' commutes increasing from 6 minutes to 30 minutes, residents in the northeast of Lafayette started organizing efforts to thwart WAZE users. Commuters from outside jurisdictions, as far away as Antioch and Brentwood, were using Reliez Valley, Lafayette district's school bus route and residential road, to bypass 680 and Taylor Rd. south during peak morning travel. We knew that in order to protect our district students' commutes, we needed multiple turn restrictions during school bus hours, some of which were eventually approved by District 5 County Supervisor Federal Glover.
Being that some of us live within a very illogical area of County, versus Lafayette, made finding support for our district kids very difficult. It took over two years and thousands of resident volunteer hours to get three out of the five requested signs approved. Our area is home to a triple-junction of county supervisory districts where we needed to appease 3 out of 5 County Supervisors often with conflicting motivations for their constituencies. And, even though we have Lafayette 94549 addresses and are within the Acalanes/Lafayette school districts, we are in an unincorporated portion of county and have a very outdated Pleasant Hill Sphere of Influence (SOI).
SOI is a bureaucratic map layer used by cities for future planning and ours has been outdated and illogical since at least 1988 when the Acalanes/Lafayette district boundaries were changed to correctly include us for reasons of topography, community identity, access roads, and commute patterns. Typically, SOI updates are initiated by city managers and county supervisors, but ours was overlooked and it has recently fallen on us to correct it. Having a logical SOI, a Lafayette SOI, versus a Pleasant Hill SOI, is one step towards unraveling the illogical boundaries that plague the northeast of Lafayette and make progress with respect to issues like circulation so difficult. Correcting the SOI is also a first step towards annexing to Lafayette if neighbors and the city of Lafayette come to see this as mutually beneficial.
We currently cannot vote in Lafayette city elections or on city referendums that often affect us and we share common community values with most Lafayette constituents whose city slogan is Green hills, Great schools. Our SOI application has been submitted to LAFCO, the public agency tasked with helping to facilitate logical boundaries. In the meantime, Pleasant Hill will not take a position on our SOI request and Lafayette City Council, voted 4-1 to oppose correcting the SOI, citing costs and already overburdened staff as reasons for their denial. This is leaving us frustrated and wondering who will represent our best interests? LAFCO will deliberate on our SOI request after June 4.
Kristen Altbaum
Lafayette (unincorporated)
The science of climate change begins with John Tyndall in 1859. He measured large differences in the abilities of "perfectly colorless and invisible gases and vapors" to absorb radiant heat. So-called "greenhouse" gases, including CO2 and methane, transmit incoming solar radiation, but absorb long-wave infrared radiation reflected back from the surface of the earth.
Svante Arrhenius in 1895 presented a paper to the Stockholm Physical Society titled, "On the influence of Carbonic Acid [CO2] in the Air upon the Temperature of the Ground." His "hot-house theory" of the atmosphere showed that without CO2, the earth would be extremely cold, and with more CO2 it would be hotter. By 1904, he became concerned with increases in atmospheric CO2 caused by burning coal and oil and calculated expected changes in temperature.
What we now know is that atmospheric CO2 and global temperatures have been relatively stable for the past 10,000 years prior to the industrial revolution. However, since the start of the industrial revolution in 1760, atmospheric CO2 has increased by 50 percent, from 280 to 415 parts per million - higher than at any time in the past three million years. And the rate of increase in atmospheric CO2 is currently accelerating. Scripps Institute of Oceanography:
https://scripps.ucsd.edu/programs/keelingcurve/
In the late 1970s and 1980s Exxon and Shell Oil extensively researched the effects of CO2 from fossil fuels on the earth's climate. Shell, for example concluded "by the time the global warming becomes detectable it could be too late to take effective countermeasures to reduce the effects or even to stabilize the situation." When it became apparent that decreasing the release of CO2 would adversely affect profits, the companies started a concerted campaign to deny and cast doubt about the scientific findings, which continues to this day.
https://biotech.law.lsu.edu/blog/Shell_Climate_1988.pdf
To further understand the earth's climate, see the following links:
www.climate.gov/#understandingClimate
NOAA Antarctica 101: www.climate.gov/news-features/features/
antarctica-colder-arctic-it%E2%80%99s-still-losing-ice
Jim Urlick
Orinda
Periphery residents want to be seen
After a decade-long uptick in elementary school students' commutes increasing from 6 minutes to 30 minutes, residents in the northeast of Lafayette started organizing efforts to thwart WAZE users. Commuters from outside jurisdictions, as far away as Antioch and Brentwood, were using Reliez Valley, Lafayette district's school bus route and residential road, to bypass 680 and Taylor Rd. south during peak morning travel. We knew that in order to protect our district students' commutes, we needed multiple turn restrictions during school bus hours, some of which were eventually approved by District 5 County Supervisor Federal Glover.
Being that some of us live within a very illogical area of County, versus Lafayette, made finding support for our district kids very difficult. It took over two years and thousands of resident volunteer hours to get three out of the five requested signs approved. Our area is home to a triple-junction of county supervisory districts where we needed to appease 3 out of 5 County Supervisors often with conflicting motivations for their constituencies. And, even though we have Lafayette 94549 addresses and are within the Acalanes/Lafayette school districts, we are in an unincorporated portion of county and have a very outdated Pleasant Hill Sphere of Influence (SOI).
SOI is a bureaucratic map layer used by cities for future planning and ours has been outdated and illogical since at least 1988 when the Acalanes/Lafayette district boundaries were changed to correctly include us for reasons of topography, community identity, access roads, and commute patterns. Typically, SOI updates are initiated by city managers and county supervisors, but ours was overlooked and it has recently fallen on us to correct it. Having a logical SOI, a Lafayette SOI, versus a Pleasant Hill SOI, is one step towards unraveling the illogical boundaries that plague the northeast of Lafayette and make progress with respect to issues like circulation so difficult. Correcting the SOI is also a first step towards annexing to Lafayette if neighbors and the city of Lafayette come to see this as mutually beneficial.
We currently cannot vote in Lafayette city elections or on city referendums that often affect us and we share common community values with most Lafayette constituents whose city slogan is Green hills, Great schools. Our SOI application has been submitted to LAFCO, the public agency tasked with helping to facilitate logical boundaries. In the meantime, Pleasant Hill will not take a position on our SOI request and Lafayette City Council, voted 4-1 to oppose correcting the SOI, citing costs and already overburdened staff as reasons for their denial. This is leaving us frustrated and wondering who will represent our best interests? LAFCO will deliberate on our SOI request after June 4.
Kristen Altbaum
Lafayette (unincorporated)
Reach the reporter at:
Lamorinda Weekly, Moraga CA